K. P. Jayaswal’s Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times is a pioneering work on the political and constitutional institutions of ancient India. Drawing extensively on historical, literary, epigraphic, and archaeological sources, Jayaswal examines the evolution of governance and political organization in India before the medieval period.

The book explores important institutions and concepts such as kingship, republics, assemblies, councils, administration, law, taxation, local government, diplomacy, and the relationship between the ruler and the people. Particular attention is given to the existence and functioning of ancient Indian republican and oligarchic states, challenging the view that monarchy was the only form of political organization in early India.

Jayaswal also discusses the constitutional traditions of ancient Indian states and the role of institutions such as sabha, samiti, gana, and sangha. His analysis provides insights into the development of political thought, administrative practices, and systems of governance in ancient India.

First published in the early twentieth century, the work remains significant in the study of ancient Indian political history, constitutional traditions, and indigenous systems of government. It is particularly useful for students, researchers, and readers interested in Indian history, political science, constitutional history, and ancient Indian political thought.