Around one fourth (23%) of the total population of Odisha belongs to Scheduled Tribe /tribal communities as against around 8% of the total population of India. History says India was the land of tribals. The tribal languages and culture have influenced significantly the culture Odisha in particular and Indian culture in general. But the governments have done little for the improvement of the tribal communities both in Odisha and India. Most of the development interventions are being designed at higher level and implemented at the field level. Various committees (Renuka Roy in 1959 and Verrier Elwin in1960) and commissions (Education Commission- 1965-66, Review POA in 1992) set up after independence has given valuable recommendations for the development of education amongst tribals as well as their all round development. But our planners never bother to take into consideration these valuable recommendations while planning for the development of tribals. As a result there is turmoil in tribal areas of Odisha and of other states. Government spends huge amount of money for combating extremism, but it is reluctant to spend money for development of education in the state, which can be an enduring instrument for reducing extremism in the state.