Nanotechnology in agriculture, or agro-nanotechnology, uses nano-sized materials to improve crop productivity and sustainability. Key applications include nano-fertilizers and nanopesticides for more efficient and targeted delivery of nutrients and pest control, nanosensors for real-time plant and soil monitoring, and innovative food packaging materials to extend shelf life. While offering potential for higher yields and reduced waste, challenges include understanding long-term effects on soil microorganisms and cost-effectiveness.