The history and archaeology of Eastern India span from the Neolithic period to the early modern era, with significant archaeological sites like the Neolithic settlement of Daojali Hading in Assam and ancient urban centers such as Pataliputra. Key historical developments include the Kalinga War, the rise of powerful empires like the Maurya Empire, the famous Nalanda University, and the spread of Buddhism and Jainism, alongside later Islamic invasions and the rise of empires like the Mughals. Archaeological studies in the region focus on understanding prehistoric cultures, historical heritage, and the development of art, architecture, and religious practices