India and Central Asia have a rich historical relationship that influences their cultural, political and economic exchanges today. As they collaborate in trade, energy, security, and cultural matters, essential questions arise about the depth and sustainability of these ties. It’s important to consider whether their partnerships promote long-term stability and growth or merely serve short-term strategic interests. Despite opportunities following the erstwhile Soviet Union's collapse, India has struggled to engage strategically with Central Asia for over three decades, achieving less than other external players. However, since Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi took office in 2014, there has been renewed momentum in strengthening India’s ties with Central Asian nations, reflecting a commitment to enhancing cooperation with this vital region.