Dravidian architecture, a South Indian Hindu temple style, originated with the Pallavas (4th-9th century CE), evolving from rock-cut structures to towering temple complexes by the 16th century, characterized by pyramidal vimanas, elaborate gopurams (gateway towers), and intricate carvings. Major developments occurred under the Cholas (8th-12th centuries), with magnificent temples like the Brihadeeswarar Temple, and later under the Vijayanagara and Nayaka rulers.