This study is concerned with a comparative analysis of two religious communities,the Hindus and the Muslims, in relation to their reproductive behaviour and practices.The relationship between religion and reproductive behaviour has prompted much interest,especially in the context of rising   population in developing countries. However, the politicisation of religion in india ,the history of violence between Muslims and Hindus,and rivalry with a neighbouring country have made the study of religious differentials in fertility and family planning a sensitive issue.