Environmental science is the study of the interactions among the physical, chemical and biological components of the environment; with a focus on pollution, impact on biodiversity and sustainability. This knowledge repository, therefore, encompasses issues such as climate change, conservation, biodiversity, ground water & soil contamination, natural resources, waste management, sustainable development, air and noise pollution, etc.This textbook has been prepared in a manner to cater to the syllabus and schemes for degree courses in most of the Indian universities offering environmental studies/science in their curriculum; to name a few, Anna University, VTU, University of Kashmir, Jammu University, Nagaland University, Calcutta University, Cotton College State University, University of Burdwan, University of Delhi, Bharathidasan University, JNVU Jodhpur and Dibrugarh University.