Anthropology in contemporary societies involves a holistic, culturally sensitive study of modern issues like globalization, technology, and social change, applying its insights to real-world problems in fields such as public health, business, and urban development. It addresses modern challenges by examining how cultures adapt, how new technologies impact social structures and behaviors, and by using applied anthropology to find practical, culturally informed solutions. The discipline uses modern methods, including digital tools and big data, to study contemporary phenomena and promotes social justice through evidence-based recommendations and by encouraging cross-cultural understanding.